Communication Research Methods - Course Material

Data collection techniques are the methods used to gather information for research. The choice of technique depends on the research questions, objectives, and nature of the data needed (quantitative or qualitative). Below are the main data collection techniques used in research, with details on their application and advantages. Surveys and Questionnaires Surveys and questionnaires are widely used for gathering quantitative data, particularly in social sciences, business, and health studies. Structure : Usually consist of structured questions (e.g., multiple-choice, Likert scales) that allow for statistical analysis. Application : Used to collect data on people’s attitudes, behaviors, preferences, and demographics. Advantages : Efficient for collecting data from large samples, relatively inexpensive, and easy to administer. They allow for anonymity, which may yield more honest responses. Limitations : Limited depth in responses, and they can suffer from low response rates or biased resp...

Theoretical Framework Theoretical framework in research provides the foundation for understanding the research problem, guiding data collection and analysis, and interpreting the study's findings. It is essentially a set of interrelated theories, models, and concepts that outline key ideas relevant to the research topic, offering insights into how the topic functions or is likely to function. Here’s a detailed look at theoretical frameworks in research: Purpose of a Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework serves as a lens through which the research is viewed and analyzed, helping researchers: Define Key Variables : Identify and operationalize the variables in the study, which are informed by the selected theories. Guide Hypotheses or Research Questions : Ensure that research questions or hypotheses are aligned with established theories and concepts. Shape Methodology : Influence the selection of research design, data collection, and analysis methods based on theoretical pri...

Validity Definition : Validity refers to the extent to which a research study or measurement tool accurately measures what it is intended to measure. In other words, it addresses the question, "Are we measuring what we think we are measuring?" Types of Validity : Construct Validity : Ensures that the measurement tool accurately reflects the theoretical concept it aims to measure. For example, if a survey is intended to measure communication competence, it should include items that represent the full scope of this concept. Content Validity : The extent to which a measurement covers all aspects of the concept being studied. This is often assessed by experts who evaluate whether the measurement includes a comprehensive range of relevant items. Criterion Validity : Checks whether the results of a measurement tool correlate with an external criterion. There are two types: Concurrent Validity : Measures how well a new test correlates with an established test. Predictive Validity : ...